Examining the struggle for a more inclusive identity and the early advocacy of multiculturalism in Canada

Authors

  • Shinder Purewal Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Canada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v6i4.656

Abstract

The paper focuses on the struggle for equal recognition within Canadian identity by non-charter citizens. These groups, by rejecting the idea of Canada as solely bilingual and bicultural, successfully challenged government efforts to replace Anglo-conformity with a bicultural model. As a compromise, Canada adopted the notion of "multiculturalism within a bilingual framework.” This approach helped promote a more inclusive national identity and contributed to the creation of a peaceful, tolerant, and unified society. For many ethnic communities, particularly visible minorities, it marked progress in removing barriers to full integration. The inclusive environment also supported advances in LGBTQ and Indigenous rights, including acknowledgment of the historical injustices faced by First Nations peoples. As a result, Canada has adopted an innovative approach to inclusivity by creating a new national identity that embraces both diversity and bilingualism.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alegría, M., Álvarez, K., & DiMarzio, K. (2017). Immigration and mental health. Current epidemiology reports, 4(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-017-0111-2

Arnold, A. J. (1970). How Far Do We Go With Multi-Culturalism?. Canadian Ethnic Studies= Etudes Ethniques au Canada, 2(2), 7.

Banting, K. (2022). Conflicted and Resilient. Policy Success in Canada: Cases, Lessons, Challenges, 183.

Bibby, Reinald W. (1990). Mosaic Madness: The Poverty and Potential of Life in Canada. Toronto: Stoddart.

Bird, K. (2005). The political representation of visible minorities in electoral democracies: A comparison of France, Denmark, and Canada. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11(4), 425-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537110500379211

Bright, R., Coburn, E., Faye, J., Gafijczuk, D., Hollander, K., Jung, J., & Syrmbos, H. (1999). Mainstream and marginal newspaper coverage of the 1995 Quebec referendum: An inquiry into the functioning of the Canadian public sphere. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 36(3), 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1999.tb00577.x

Brosseau, L., & Dewing, M. (2018, January). Canadian multiculturalism.

Fleras, Augie (1989). Toward A Multicultural Reconstruction of Canadian Society. The American Review of Canadian Studies, 19 (3): 293-306.

Gibbins, Roger (1990). Conflict and Unity: An Introduction to Canadian Political Life. Scarborough: Nelson.

Golfman, N. (1996). Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada. Mosaic: A journal for the interdisciplinary study of literature, 29(3), 175-186.

Gwyn, S. (1974). Multiculturalism: a threat and a promise. Saturday Night, 89, 15-18.

Kruhlak, Orest (1991). Personal Communication, 1 October 1991.

Laurendeau, Andre (1991). The Diary of Andre Laurendeau: Written during the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, 1964-1967. Translated by Patricia Smart and Dorothy Howard, Toronto: James Lorimer.

Laxer, James and Robert Laxer (1977). The Liberal Idea of Canada: Pierre Trudeau and the Question of Canada’s Survival. Toronto: James Latimer.

Lupul, M. R. (1982). The political implementation of multiculturalism. Journal of Canadian Studies, 17(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcs.17.1.93

McNaught, Kenneth (1976). The Pelican History of Canada. Markham: Penguin Books.

Porter, John (1965). The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Purewal, S. (1992). The politics of multiculturalism in Canada, 1963-1971.

Radwanski, George (1978). Trudeau. Toronto: Mcmillan.

Ryan, Claude (1985). Public Policy and the Preservation of Multicultural Tradition. In Ronald G. Ladner (ed). Canadian Politics: A Comparative Reader. Scarboroough: Prentice-Hill.

Stephan, W. (1982). Ethnicity in Canada. Theoretical Perspectives.

Trudeau, Pierre Elliot (1968). Federalism and the French Canadians. Toronto: McMillan.

Westlake, D., Banting, K., & Triadafilopoulos, T. (2025). The puzzling persistence of multiculturalism policies in Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2025.2484334

Yuzyk, Paul (1968). The Emerging New force in the Emerging New Canada. In Canadian Cultural Rights, Report of the Conference to Study Canada’s Multicultural Partners in the Sixties.

Downloads

Published

2025-11-04

How to Cite

Purewal, S. (2025). Examining the struggle for a more inclusive identity and the early advocacy of multiculturalism in Canada. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Social Sciences Study, 6(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrsss.v6i4.656