Sustainable Economy and Green Development Challenges in ASEAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v6i4.685Keywords:
Sustainable Economy, Green Development, ASEAN, Environmental Sustainability, RegionalAbstract
This study examined the challenges of developing a sustainable economy and promoting green development in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) through a comprehensive literature review. ASEAN has experienced rapid economic growth over recent decades; however, this growth has been accompanied by increasing environmental degradation, climate vulnerability, and social inequality. These conditions have intensified the need for development pathways that balance economic progress with environmental protection and social inclusion. By synthesizing academic studies, policy documents, and reports from international and regional institutions, this study identified the key factors shaping sustainable economy outcomes in the ASEAN region. The findings revealed that environmental pressures, including climate change impacts, pollution, and resource depletion, pose significant risks to long-term economic stability. Economic and financial constraints, such as high costs of green technologies, limited access to green finance, and dependence on carbon-intensive industries, further hinder green development efforts. Institutional and governance challenges, including fragmented policymaking, weak regulatory enforcement, and uneven implementation of regional initiatives, were also found to limit progress. In addition, social dimensions particularly employment transitions, inequality, and limited public participation play a critical role in determining the inclusiveness and effectiveness of green development strategies. While ASEAN regional cooperation frameworks demonstrate strong collective commitment to sustainability, their impact remains constrained by varying national capacities and the principle of non-interference. Overall, this study highlights the need for integrated policy approaches, strengthened institutional capacity, inclusive social strategies, and enhanced regional cooperation to advance a sustainable economy and green development in ASEAN.
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