Police Efforts in Combating and Preventing Illegal Racing Among Youth

The objectives of this research are; (1) To find out the factors that cause illegal racing activities in Soppeng Regency; (2) To find out the efforts made by the police in the jurisdiction of the Soppeng Police in preventing and overcoming illegal racing; (3) To find out the obstacles faced by the Soppeng Police in preventing and dealing with illegal racing. This research uses a normative approach and a sociological approach. The samples in this study were the Head of the Soppeng Police Traffic Unit and 2 members of the Soppeng Police Traffic Unit in charge of traffic patrol issues. This study uses interviews and observations in collecting data. The results showed that the factors causing the occurrence of illegal racing among teenagers were; (1) Low understanding of norms prevailing in society; (2) lack of supervision and environmental care; (3) alternative entertainment; (4) as a means of self-actualization and means of socializing; (5) As a show off (6) to create happiness; (7) As a means of selfactualization. Meanwhile, the obstacles faced in dealing with illegal racing among teenagers; (1) Lack of personnel; (2) Increasing illegal racing by teenagers; (3) Facilities and Infrastructure; (4) Lack of community support. Meanwhile, the efforts made in dealing with illegal racing among teenagers; (1) Increase patrol activities in places that are considered prone to illegal racing; (2) Routine inspection of motorized vehicles; (3) Conduct socialization and counselling, especially in schools.


Introduction
Indonesia is a country that is carrying out development in various aspects including infrastructure, including road construction and repair in various regions. This is done because Indonesia is a country with the largest vehicle users in the world. In addition, the construction of this infrastructure is also devoted to unraveling the congestion that occurs in several regions in Indonesia. As one of the largest vehicle-using countries in the world, the government should pay attention to all aspects not only from infrastructure but also in terms of law enforcement against road user violators, including reckless road users and drivers. The number of motorcycle ownership in Indonesia has recently experienced an increase. However, the increasing number of vehicle population is not accompanied by increasing public driving awareness.
Motorcycle itself based on the Traffic and Road Transport Law Number 22 of 2009 is a twowheeled motorized vehicle with or without houses and with or without a side carriage or a three-wheeled motorized vehicle without houses. The motorcycle itself is spelled out that a motorcycle is a vehicle that resembles a bicycle and uses an engine where the engine is used as a driving force, has handlebars, a seat, and can accommodate two passengers. A motorcycle is a two-wheeled vehicle that is powered by an engine. The wheels are in line and at high speed Illegal racing is a speeding race on public roads where this motorbike racing is carried out without official permission and is held on roads which include public facilities which of course are also traversed by many other public vehicles (Nasution, 2020). This activity is usually carried out without using the required safety standards and mostly using pre-made motorbikes which are of course very dangerous, both the lives of the perpetrators and the lives of spectators or other road users. This wild racing activity itself is dominated by young people who are still in school, both junior high school and senior high school and also students. The occurrence of this kind of thing is due to various factors including the willingness to win bet money and prizes from the organizers of the wild race and also those who simply want to seek fame and to attract the attention of the opposite sex (Suharyanti & Sutrisni, 2020).
The wild racing activity itself, if left unattended without serious attention, will certainly make the perpetrators or wild racing lovers more developed and unsettling (Nursalam, 2018). Not only that, the derivatives of illegal racing activities can lead to criminal acts or criminal acts such as drinking, gambling or betting, destruction of public facilities, theft and even brawls and so on.
Wild racing activities on public roads carried out by teenagers themselves are carried out without adequate racing standards (Safrizal et al., 2015). It can even be said that this activity is carried out without regard to the safety factor so it is not an exaggeration to say that this illegal racing activity is a death-defying activity (Panggabean, 2021). Because almost all of these illegal racing activities carried out by teenagers do not care about the safety factor of the riders, for example, they do not use safety clothes that are specifically used for racing events and do not use head protection (helmets).
The action of illegal racing has also claimed many lives every year. This kind of incident is something that makes the community even more restless, including the parents of these children (Aji, 2020). Because after all, the consequences that arise from these illegal racing activities are very dangerous and can take lives not only from among the illegal racers but also from other road users.
Based on the formulation of Article 115 letter b of Law No. 22 of 2009 illegal racing can fulfill the elements of a criminal act, as it reads "driver of motorized vehicles on the road is prohibited: racing with other vehicles", and in Article 297 of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, which reads "everyone who drives a motorized vehicle racing on the road as referred to in Article 115 letter b shall be punished with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) year or a fine of a maximum of (three million rupiahs). and fulfill the elements of a criminal act in Article 503 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) for disturbing public peace at night by the noise from the motorcycle exhaust of the perpetrators.
The perpetrators of the illegal races themselves can be said to be not deterred if caught, why is that because the perpetrators of these illegal races continue to carry out their actions at night. So it is appropriate for the relevant parties, especially the police, to continue to make efforts to overcome them as much as possible and to provide a deterrent effect for the perpetrators who are caught, law enforcement is carried out by imposing imprisonment and also confiscation of evidence of vehicles used in carrying out illegal racing actions. Efforts by the police in conducting patrols at vulnerable hours, namely at night whose targets are illegal motorcycle racing actors have also not yielded maximum results. Because the perpetrators of illegal racing activities themselves are very agile in that street racers look for loopholes when officers are careless. After the police conducted patrols and dispersed the illegal motorbike racing, they then resumed the motorbike racing on the highway without knowing any fear.
The perpetrators of illegal racing do not care if there are other drivers on public roads, their main goal is to win the wild race that was held at that time. Even they ignore the safety of others and the safety of themselves whose only main goal remains to reach the finish line in front. This illegal racing often claimed victims, it could be the drivers themselves or other road users. This wild racing became a kind of way for the perpetrators to channel their desire to act on the road. The perpetrators of this illegal race are indeed disturbing, not only for local residents but also for the authorities. Because the actions of these racers are considered to have harmed many other road users. So, it is not surprising that the public finally urged the police to take firm action regarding this issue.

Methods
The approach method used in this research is a normative approach and a sociological approach. This approach departs from research-oriented views that lead to an understanding of the obligations of the police in carrying out the prevention and control of illegal racing among teenagers, especially in Soppeng Regency. While the sociological approach is more directed to how the law applies in the community which is described in the form of effective or not the countermeasures carried out by the police, especially regarding illegal racing in Soppeng Regency. This research is descriptive research which aims to find out the existence of the Soppeng Resort police in preventing and dealing with illegal racing actions and whether so far the countermeasures have been effective or not. The population in this study includes all members of the Soppeng Resort Police. The samples in this study were the Head of the Soppeng Police Traffic Unit and 2 members of the Soppeng Police Traffic Unit in charge of traffic patrol issues. This study uses interviews and observations in collecting data.

Factors Causing Wild Racing Action
Talking about teenagers, of course, cannot be separated from the noise of life, because the most beautiful period is adolescence where at this time teenagers start to be interested in the opposite sex and try to find a process or phase where someone is looking for true identity that cannot be separated from actions. which according to them is quite challenging and becomes a fasion or just a style, one of which is a wild racing activity that can be an entry point for wild racing actions.
In Soppeg Regency itself, almost every day the streets are no stranger to illegal racing actions carried out by groups of teenagers, whether they are just for fun or even involved in illegal racing.
Wild racing actions like this are very dangerous not only for the jockeys themselves but also for other road users (Widyarini, 2016). Even some of the perpetrators of the illegal racing action are school-age children or teenagers. Although this is related to juvenile delinquency, it must receive serious attention so that similar actions do not occur.
Based on the results of research that the author did at the Soppeg Police Office where the author conducted an interview with Mr. IPDA Laoede Muh. Irwan, S.Sos as Kanit Turjawali Polres Soppeg (interview on August 2, 2021) said that the factors that cause juvenile delinquency include; (1) Lack of socialization from parents to children. Sometimes parents do not provide moral and religious guidance to their children so that they become indifferent individuals; (2) Examples of behavior displayed by parents (modeling) at home towards anti-social behavior and values; (3) Lack of supervision of children (both activities, friendships at school or outside of school, and others); (4) Lack of discipline applied by parents to children; (5) The low quality of the parent-child relationship; (6) High conflict and aggressive behavior that occurs in the family environment; (7) Poverty and violence in the family environment; (8) Children live far from their parents and there is no supervision from other authority figures; (9) Differences in the culture where the child lives, for example moving to another city or a new environment.
Wild racing itself among teenagers according to the author's observations has become a routine activity not only in Soppeng Regency but in almost every region in Indonesia with moving locations. This indicates that there is a community that organizes this illegal racing activity.
According to IPDA Laoede Muh. Irwan, S.Sos as the Head of Turjawali Polres Soppeng (interview on August 2, 2021) stated that the illegal racing action was carried out in shifts according to the agreement between the motorbike owners or the bet price agreement." Based on the results of the interview above, it can be seen that one of the factors that causes the occurrence of illegal racing is the existence of betting or the element of gambling and the existence of prestige competition.
Based on the results of an interview with Bripka Sopyan Hadi interview on August 2, 2021 stated that the factors that cause illegal racing among teenagers are; (1) Not having someone as a role model in understanding and perceiving the values or norms prevailing in society. This means that the child does not get the right figure to be a role model both inside and outside the home so that the child becomes mentally unstable; (2) Due to the lack of supervision and environmental awareness of the community where the race took place; (3) The activity is interesting as an alternative entertainment for some people (especially in cities that have a scarcity of alternative positive activities for the younger generation); (4) The activity is considered as a means of self-actualization and a means of socializing with friends; (5) The activity provides a means to show off the prowess of a person's modified motor vehicle and their driving ability; (6) The activity generates excitement for racers, spectators and passengers as well as gamblers; (7) Have a hobby of racing but the hobby is not channeled properly due to lack of funds or an official racing arena.
Based on the results of a literature review related to illegal racing, it appears that there are many factors that cause a person to fall into illegal racing activities. One of them is the absence of role models in society or the environment who can provide advice, motivation so that teenagers do not get involved in illegal racing, this is exacerbated by the attention of parents who also tend to decrease, and maybe even support the activities of these teenagers. Based on the results of an interview with Bripka Sopyan Hadi (interview on August 2, 2021) stated that illegal racing in certain areas is not prohibited by the community, in fact sometimes it is the people who facilitate and become loyal spectators, not even a few of them participate in gambling. However, in this case in the Soppeng district itself, it can be said that the lack of attention from the public who do not want to be involved and report the existence of illegal racing activities makes this illegal racing increasingly difficult to detect so that it is difficult to handle and overcome it.
Based on the results of these interviews, it can be seen that there are some people who actually support the occurrence of illegal racing among teenagers. This is of course very contrary to the general ideal that the community should help in the law enforcement process by preventing early or reporting to the authorities. Another factor that causes illegal racing is the unavailability of advice or circuits for racing activities in this area, while many friends -Adolescent friends who have hobbies or many who have racing motorbikes." The lack of official racing events held by the government makes it difficult for the talents of these teenagers to be channeled so they choose shortcuts to follow illegal racing events which of course are far from the official standards of circuit racing both in terms of driving safety and safety. Even from this kind of illegal racing activity, gambling and other criminal acts sometimes arise which add to other problems.
Based on the results of the interview above, it can be seen that the absence of a circuit is one of the causes of illegal racing among teenagers, the Soppeng Regency government does not have the facilities or circuits for illegal racing. The place that is often used as a circuit is the palakka terminal, and even then sometimes if there is a racing event held by the Indonesian Motor Association.

Obstacles faced by the Police in Preventing and Overcoming Illegal Racing
Various efforts and methods have been carried out by members of the police starting from the approach to taking action. However, there are still many illegal racing actions. In dealing with this wild race, if the wrong action is taken, it will lead to fatal resistance from the perpetrators and the crowd.
Based on the results of an interview with Brigadier Nurul Ikhasan on August 2, 2021, he stated that in carrying out the task of preventing and overcoming crime the police faced several obstacles, some of these obstacles were as follows;

Lack of Personnel in the Field
That "sometimes the number of members is insufficient when conducting patrols because many cases make personnel so the Soppeg Police have to divide themselves in carrying out their duties, but nevertheless patrols must still be carried out in order to narrow the existence of illegal racing actions.

The Increasing Number of Illegal Racing Actions by Teenagers from Year to Year
The most well-known measure of police effectiveness is the crime rate. People want to know whether the risk of becoming a victim of crime is increasing or decreasing. The police promise to serve, protect and protect, this means protection from crime which is increasing from year to year. The crime rate is at the center of the problem, both for the police and the community.
The wild racing action that is happening today is not only focused on one point but has also developed like opening branches. This means that currently there are many groups of illegal racing, for example the group that races around the stadium is a different group that carries out illegal racing around Besse Kajuara street. So of course it becomes an obstacle for the apparatus besides the number of personnel who are lacking members, they must also divide groups to be more effective.

Facilities and Infrastructure
In carrying out their duties, it is appropriate for the police to be equipped with facilities and infrastructure to carry out patrol functions so that the community feels safe and peaceful. But the number of facilities and infrastructure that is still lacking is one of the obstacles to realizing this.
From the results of interviews with IPDA Laoede Muh. Irwan, S.Sos as the Head of Turjawali Then Polres Soppeng Iptu Indra Saputra said that the existing infrastructure was not yet considered optimal to support the patrol activities carried out, so that the patrol activities carried out were still a bit limited. Sometimes every time a member will conduct a patrol there are shortcomings and obstacles experienced, for example the availability of motorbikes, sometimes the motorbikes used are motorbikes that are old enough so that in pursuing the perpetrators of the police officers in the field sometimes it is difficult and difficult to balance.

People Don't Participate
To demonstrate its effectiveness, the police must have a target. Every police activity for crime prevention and prevention must be evaluated. Since the police cannot do everything, they have to negotiate with the community what they will do. It is necessary to make crime prevention by the police. It is also important as a crime prevention technique, as consultation with the police can educate the public about the realities of crime causation and can engage them in meaningful prevention efforts.
Lack of public knowledge about the importance of security. The community should not only hand over the task of kamtibmas to the police, but the community must also play a role in maintaining security. The community has a very large role in crime prevention efforts where the police really need reports from the public on suspicious activities or people that will lead to or commit crimes.
Many people are reluctant to report or provide information about when or after a crime has occurred and avoid dealing with the police as much as possible. They feel that the police only interfere with their activities, especially when they have to go to the police station to provide information. There are many obstacles and actions that deviate from the role and function of the police in carrying out their duties, resulting in the police being less trusted by the community.

Efforts made by the Police to Deal with Illegal Racing
The police in this country have a function in the structure of people's lives as community protectors, law enforcers, which have a special responsibility to maintain public order and deal with crime, both in the form of action against perpetrators of crime and in the form of crime prevention efforts so that community members can live and live. work in a safe and secure environment. In other words, police activities are related to social problems, namely with respect to a symptom that exists in social life that is felt as a burden or disturbance that harms members of the community.
Every day the streets are no stranger to being crowded by police patrol vehicles, both using four-wheeled vehicles and two-wheeled vehicles. Patrols are carried out during the day and at night. The way the police drive police vehicles seems more sympathetic, with the slow speed and the lights on the roof so that people feel safe, comfortable and feel protected. Patrols are very effective as a crime prevention and control measure. Crime is a meeting between intention and opportunity, if the opportunity is eliminated then crime can be minimized. And vice versa Regarding the main task of the POLRI to maintain public security and order, as law enforcers, and as servants, protectors and protectors of the community, law violations and crimes are one of the important responsibilities carried out by the police. An appropriate action is needed to be able to overcome the problem of crime that has always been inherent in everyday life in society. Police patrol activities should continue to be maintained and intensified in vulnerable areas, especially at night, and the hope of the entire community is of course that police patrols are truly from the intention of field personnel to protect and serve the community, not just looking for mistakes in traffic users as well as illegal fees. . Human civilization that is getting more advanced turns out to be followed by crimes that are increasingly troubling, the problem of crime is no longer in small-scale groups, not even a few cases of crime between provinces and also between countries. All of this makes the duties and responsibilities of the police increasingly difficult, it takes professionalism so that everything can run so that the police can be loved by the community.
Based on the results of an interview with Bripu Nurul Ikhsan Ba Soppeg Polres said that there were several efforts made in preventing and tackling illegal racing among teenagers, including; (1) Carrying out routine patrols in places that are considered prone to illegal racing; (2) Improving motor vehicle inspection activities in order to narrow the actions of illegal racing actors; (3) Conduct socialization and counseling in schools in order to provide education about the dangers and impacts of illegal racing.
The role of the police for the community is very important. Various types of crimes that have been handled by the police in eradicating crime in order to improve a safe and orderly atmosphere as the responsibility of the police. The success of implementing police functions without leaving professional ethics is strongly influenced by police performance which is reflected in attitudes and behavior when carrying out their duties and authorities. Furthermore, Brigadier Nurul Ikhsan stated that the objectives of the patrols carried out by the Police were to; (1) Increasing the presence of uniformed police in the community; (2) Preventing the convergence of intention and opportunity factors that allow criminality to arise; (3) Prevention of disturbances to Kamtibmas; (4) Providing a sense of security, protection and protection for the community; (5) Obtaining information about the possibility of disturbances in public order and security; (6) Restrictions on the movement of provocateurs in the community.
While the role of patrols, among others; (1) Patrol is the backbone of the Indonesian National Police in an effort to prevent all forms of crime/disruption to security and social order; (2) As a source of information for the unit; (3) The realization of the presence of the police in the community; (4) Means to convey the message of Kamtibmas to the public; (5) Take the first action at the scene of the case; (6) Reflecting the preparedness of the National Police at all times in an effort to maintain and ensure security and security. Based on the author's interview with Bripka Firmansyah, he said that the Soppeg Police carried out four types of patrols, namely walking patrols, bicycle patrols, motorbike patrols, and car patrols. Foot patrols are rarely carried out due to the lack of personnel and the vast area to be explored.
Meanwhile, bicycle patrols are still intensely carried out in the morning after the morning apple and in the afternoon before the afternoon apple. Motorcycle patrols and car patrols are routine patrols because they are more effective to carry out considering the large area that must be guarded and can immediately provide services to the community. In its implementation, motorbike and car patrols go through routes in vulnerable areas, special objects, and are carried out at vulnerable hours. Based on the results of interviews with IPDA Laoede Muh. Irwan, S.Sos as Kanit Turjawali disclosed "that the police patrol every day provides information reports about the vulnerability of illegal racing or other crimes. For example: if a motorcycle rider is found carrying drugs during a raid, they will be detained for follow-up by coordinating with the local police in the jurisdiction of the crime scene.
In practice, it is known that the police patrol has units whose duties have been divided into several units, arranged in such a way that there is no overlap. However, all of these units still have something in common, namely they both have a preventive function or prevention in tackling crime. The function of the Indonesian police is one of the functions of the state government in the field of maintaining security and public order, law enforcement, protection, shelter, and service to the community. The main task of the police above describes the protection of all the people. The responsibility of the police patrol is to minimize the opportunity to do evil by carrying out routine supervision based on the division of tasks in each unit. The police are given great authority where every action is considered legal even though it is not stated in the articles of legislation, as long as it does not exceed the limits of its authority and violates human rights and is in the public interest.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the discussion that has been described, the authors draw the following conclusions; The factors that cause the occurrence of illegal racing among teenagers are; (1) Not having someone as a role model in understanding and perceiving the values or norms prevailing in society; (2) Due to the lack of supervision and environmental awareness of the community where the race took place; (3) The activity is interesting as an alternative entertainment for some people (especially in cities that have a scarcity of alternative positive activities for the younger generation); (4) The activity is considered as a means of selfactualization and a means of socializing with friends; (5) The activity provides a means to show off the prowess of a person's modified motor vehicle and their driving ability; (6) The activity generates excitement for racers, spectators and passengers as well as gamblers; (7) Having a hobby of racing but not channeled properly due to lack of funds or an official racing arena. Meanwhile, the obstacles faced in dealing with illegal racing among teenagers; (1) Lack of personnel in the field; (2) Increasing number of illegal racing activities by teenagers from year to year; (3) Facilities and Infrastructure; (4) The community is less participating. Meanwhile, the efforts made in dealing with illegal racing among teenagers; (1) Increase patrol activities in places that are considered prone to illegal racing; (2) Routine inspection of motorized vehicles; (3) Conduct socialization and counseling, especially in schools.